你我建改不缺席－賀建改社誕生
徐岩奇 建築師/建改社總幹事 2006/6/14
最近許多建築人在大眾媒體上頻頻投書，召開連署、搞社會運動，跳脫過去只關心發表作品，把公共議題當作關心對象，是建築界的過去少見的現象。這股熱潮橫跨建築師、學界、與行政界，於今年五月七日轟轟烈烈成立了「建築改革合作社」。這個組織的前身就是於九二一地震發生後，由一群參與教育部校園重建工作的建築師，自發性成立新校園運動建築師合作社，因應社會變遷，擴大參與，廣邀各界改組發起。
觸動這件建築界自醒的改革運動組織成立，追溯於九十四年底發生的高雄鳳山國中事件；推動新校園運動，倍受各界肯定的教育部范巽綠政次，其用心被扭曲誤解，與林盛豐政委在內閣改組時相繼離職，令人愕腕；與先前不久，發生在宜蘭、彰化兩地地方選舉的變天等，一連串事件引起了相當多數建築人的憂患意識。在過去幾年所謂台灣建築界的文藝復興運動，與上述的政務官在建築政策上推動改革有關。
被視為指標性的教育部、幾個縣市相繼變天，可謂建築人重要的舞台被拆，負面效應陸續發生。在幾次的聚會中，大家有感於建築政策制度未建立，端看少數有志政務官在位否，並非國家應有之常態，於是對推動制度改革有了共識。由呂欽文、曾旭正等人號召，共同催生了建改社的成立，並共同推舉陳邁建築師為社長。
說起「建築」
最近大家都有很深的感嘆，台灣自從有建築教育一甲子以來，發現這個社會還搞不清楚建築是什麼？建築法第十三條的攻防戰，原本簡單的建築與土木工程差異論述，變成建築、土木與結構兄弟公會之間的恩怨糾葛，甚至被導引成工作權之爭。平常與實務界不相往來的學界也開始慌張，建築教育辦學也將面臨不知何去何從！這時才七嘴八舌地向立委諸公們解說，建築到底是什麼！面臨最困難的是如何改變社會大眾的認知，在以過去醜陋的房地產炒作時代，其作品作為背景的都市環境下，建築界如何去說服大眾：「建築包含藝術、文化、環境與工程等，只有受建築設計教育的人才能執行。」未來還有好幾年大家見面的問候語：「建築法第十三條最近如何？」
公共建築競圖舞台對年輕建築師太重要了；建築目前面臨形同五花大綁的窘境，不分公、私建築領域，其中公共建築相關法令不當牽制，造成寸步難行的問題最近更是加劇，這與建築沒有被理解，與被簡化為工程，或等同於道路、橋樑工程有關。建築教育與實務有極大落差，學校教育鼓勵設計創意，以為設計做好就可以，但在公共工程實務上，建築師卻常被要求指導施工，甚至對工地品質負責。肇因於監造與監工權責不清，營造單位素質參差不齊，只要敢就可以包工程，為建築師最高之痛苦指數。年輕建築師缺乏實戰經驗非常不利，本來應該被鼓勵挑戰工法、造形的冒險精神，在台灣這麼做形同跳火坑。
多數建築師作設計的時間不到三分之一，大多時間面對合約問題、行政公文、工地糾紛等，如何能把建築設計作好？廖偉立建築師感慨說：「我還可以更好！」，這些非必要的牽絆，耗損了太多社會資源。我們常問國外可以，台灣怎麼會不可以？國外建築新意不斷突破，國際競圖在台灣卻都快走不下去，這才讓我們驚覺，建築制度問題在台灣豈只「嚴重」可以形容！
說起「改革」
多數問題的發生非短時間內造成，但大多是姑息、積非成是的結果，很多人認為只要不影響本身立即的權益、可以不得罪人，就選擇保持沉默。如今是我們誠實面對建築界本身問題的時候到了！
台灣解嚴以後，民主意識高抬，民間團體陸續成立改革組織，如教改會、司改會、檢改會、醫改會等。這些團體回應社會改革期待，卻少見建築人上街頭，關心社會公義。建築專業團體成立改革組織，在改革浪潮中雖慢，但總算沒有缺席。建築界問題多如牛毛，也千頭萬緒，包括國家建築政策、法令、建築教育、建築師考試、公會組織、建築師遴選、查核制度等，多數問題相互糾葛，也讓有心人怯步。
建築師的形象低落，也讓建築改革道路崎嶇；這樣呼籲改革的聲浪，在數十年前就存在，多數人都哀莫大於心死，逐漸退去。但是也有人一直堅守崗位，等待新的一代接棒傳承，諸如令後輩感佩的陳邁、陳柏森建築師。淡江日籍客座教授加藤義夫先生，有一次講到建改社的事情：「宣言很重要，日本建築師年輕時也面臨過類似困境，投入過類似改革運動。」，加藤先生提醒了我，建築師的社會責任，不該只是會做好設計，更應關心社會脈動。
過去大家閃躲公共事務的藉口多是「我忙」。近來困境加劇，在不平等合約問題持續惡化，各項機制越趨荒腔走板，事務所財務發生困難，常聽到訴苦：「建築設計是一個高風險的工作，彷彿像踩地雷。」林盛豐政委曾感嘆說：「台灣建築界產、官、學不相往來」。普遍最真實的狀況是從執業環境惡化開始，骨牌效應隨後發生，建築教育跟著打噴嚏、建築系畢業生不知何去何從、老師恐怕跟著失業、優秀的公務員缺乏民間力量的奧援，節節敗退，貪污腐敗取而代之。實務界拋棄理想、學界恃權力傲慢、政府公務員閉門造車，都應該面對改革。
建改社民意調查，社會普遍認為有工程就有弊端。建築師競圖行賄、綁標收取回扣、有錢的建商印象揮之不去，我們希望告訴這個社會設計費率偏低，但沒有人相信！建築人的形象低落，成為想做好事情的沉重負擔，我們不單單急於為自己脫困努力，也不禁感嘆再這樣下去，建築界後繼者的未來在哪裡？建築界自清約束、高舉道德，豈不比與做好設計同等重要！
期待建改社發揮正面的影響力！我們不斷提醒自己，不要變成另外一個利益團體。自稱為改革者，更不能有道德瑕疵。林洲民建築師開玩笑說：「建改社不要變成一個大家靠緊取暖的團體」，哪怕大家見面互相打氣也很重要，改革已成為建築界共同的呼聲。
說起「合作社」
「合作社」過去在九二一校園重建過程中，累積出成功的合作經驗，團體力量的集結，免去單打獨鬥，讓政府不敢漠視。合作社積極扮演了相互支援的平台，讓新校園精神變成一種共同認知的價值。我們也曾聽過南加州學派的故事，Frank Gehry如何協助、提拔南加州年輕建築後繼者的佳話；建築人之間可以相互欣賞、提攜後進；建築人之間有共同價值，可以合作，突破所有的困境。
提到公會，建築師公會的功能不應該只為保障建築師會員的權益。公會常作出傷害被稱呼為自己人的作為，壓迫他們不能自稱或被稱為建築師，如簡學義、郭中端、林洲民，甚至黃永洪等，但很少人願意站出來說句公道話，反正不甘我的事；考上建築師後就可以不管公義了？公會私心太重，但淪落至此，少有人願意站出來指責，也不用怪公會功能不彰了！我們認為在這之上，尚有國家、環境、社會、民眾利益，應以更宏觀的角度看待建築議題，才能為建築人未來找尋出路，並得到社會大眾的尊重，恢復建築人的光榮感。
有位黃律師參加建改社成立大會時，提及過去在媒體上說「台灣建築物多那麼醜，台灣的建築師應該抓去槍斃」，他更訝異的是「我公開在報紙上如此說，竟然沒有建築師來抗議」。不管建築物美醜與我們個人是否有關，但多數建築人自私是不爭的事實，我們現在正享受自私的苦果；或讓隱藏的私心害了自己，也害了整個建築環境。
在尋求呼籲支持改革共識過程中，有些回應如「我要自掃門前雪」、「我不想潑你冷水」等，但得到更多正面的回應，願意來投入建築改革的社會運動。多數人都感受到這個冬天越來越冷，單打獨鬥只會被個個擊破。
建築人假如未能負起應有的社會責任，其人格並不能稱為完整；持守本位主義的建築師，簡直就是社會的災難！聖經上說「個人不要單顧自己的事，也要顧別人的事」；每個人撥一些時間關心公共事務，相互提攜可以獲得更多的尊重與友誼，環境改變指日可待。
小結
相關制度、法令修正討論的問題又臭又長，也沒人喜歡可能會得罪人的工作；多數喜歡關起門來做設計，獲取媒體關注及光環，這也是很少建築人願意在政府或公會服務的原因之一，於是建築的命運假他人之手來決定，其結果就是我們現在所見之亂象。政府很需要專業者協助各項政策制定，過去等不到，或所託非人。除非建築人自己準備好，自醒自覺，否則我們所遭遇各樣的困境，改變的那日是不會真正來到。
當然建改社的目標，不應該只設定在讓建築從業人日子更好過，提高設計費比率而已。長遠目標應該仍然在於追求社會公義，創造更美好的環境，與建立與國際建築接軌的遠景，協助將台灣建築推向國際舞台。大家還在觀望的過程，筆者與呂欽文、趙建銘等建築師，在採購法問題上已經陸續做出成果，正透過公會與陳銀河立委向政府交涉中。改變環境絕對不是夢想，也不是唐吉科德；就怕大家都只是講講，或抱持看別人作的心態，缺乏行動，自己後來就變成「漸凍人」。
敬邀參加建改社，付諸行動，為社會改革、建築改革盡一份心力！
[建改社] 徐岩奇 - 你我建改不缺席－賀建改社誕生
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ykw
AIA今年年會在LA舉辦, 開場座談由三位大建築師展開, 一位Gehry的老同事, 兩位普氏獎得主, 談的是LA的城市發展方向, 太精彩了, 想到大台北與LA好像, 要談改革, 何不談談台北今天的缺失與明天的願景?
Architecture on the Edge: InnovationLA Matures by Blending Icons with Far-flung Communities
http://www.aia.org/aiarchitect/thisweek ... _panel.cfm
Turning away from a legacy of car-centric sprawl, Los Angeles is at the cusp of becoming a mature, connected city, agreed theme panelists on day one of the AIA 2006 National Convention in that city.
Keeping with the “Innovation,” as the theme of the first day of the convention, June 8, “We’ve brought together three trend setters who work at the edge, declared AIA President Kate Schwennsen, FAIA. “Their thinking about this city is matched by their extraordinary contributions as catalysts of change.”
The three panelists were:
Craig Webb, AIA, a practicing architect for almost 30 years, the last 17 of which as a principal designer at Gehry Partners. He has worked on the Walt Disney Concert Hall and Grand Avenue housing in Los Angeles; Beekman Street Housing, New York City; King Alfred, a mixed-use project in Brighton, England; the Fisher Performing Arts Center at Bard College, Annandale, N.Y.; and the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, Millennium Park, Chicago.
1995 Pritzker Prize Laureate Jose Rafael Moneo, Hon. AIA, one of the leading lights in the current renaissance of Spanish architects and architecture. His projects include: Davis Museum and Cultural Center at Wellesley College, the widely acclaimed addition to Mies van der Rohe’s Fine Arts Museum, Houston; Stockholm’s Museum of Modern Art; and Our Lady of the Angels Cathedral, Los Angeles.
2005 Pritzker Prize Laureate and cofounder of Morphosis, Thom Mayne, FAIA, whose long list of distinguished works includes Los Angeles’ Caltrans District 7 Headquarters and the Science Education Resource Center/Science Center School; Diamond Ranch High School, Pomona, Calif.; Cahill Center for Astrophysics at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.; a GSA federal office building, San Francisco; Wayne L. Morse United States Courthouse, Eugene, Ore.; and the NOAA Satellite Operation Control Facility in Suitland, Md.
Can a nucleus of great architecture transform a city?
Webb began the discussion by explaining that the vitality of Los Angeles is based on the strip. How the iconic buildings reestablish connections will be key to their success in undoing years of sprawl, he said. The Disney Concert Hall, for instance, is on the site of a number of office buildings from the 1980s, which, in turn, had filled in the site of a former Victorian neighborhood that was ripped out in the 1950s. Housing had been missing for a long time. Reestablishing the streetscape and ground plain are the challenge architects face, which goes beyond creation of iconic buildings. But having such buildings creates great opportunities for architects in general, he said.
Great buildings create an aura that attracts other buildings and amenities to them, Moneo agreed. “I think this is what happened with Disney. Our Lady of the Angels Cathedral discovers another way of dealing with the scale of LA.” In an effort to establish an entire compound within the fabric of a living pieces of the city, Moneo said, the cathedral acts as a mediator between the scale of huge buildings and the modest scale of housing. The cathedral allows people to own a piece of the city, he said. To think LA can crystallize through iconic buildings is simplistic, though. Strong architectural statement also needs a total building infrastructure of quality and cross-cultural, collective improvement.
It is a pat answer to say that iconic buildings will solve this city’s problems, Mayne said, but that is wrong. For LA to become a mature city, it will have to contend with all of the complex issues of infrastructure. LA today is not a city; it is a country of 17 million people. With 134 townships, it is a single collection of many centers. The city is typical of those that developed during the second half of the 20th century; a microcosm of the world, Mayne said.
Smaller buildings must hold their own, too
Part of the problem with the iconographic condition of Los Angeles, as well, is the fragility of the elements as they come together, Moneo continued. The humble buildings don’t have the ability to last. Housing has to be able to stand its place against iconic giants needs to be well-built. Some strong problems will come from weak housing, he said.
“I think our work and Moneo’s has sprung from the spontaneity of the smaller buildings,” Webb said. “There is a freedom to explore new ideas here.” He attributed that freedom to a lack of planning, however, which resulted in the strip. “I’m optimistic that this city can solve its transportation problems through planning—incrementally. Overnight mass transit construction won’t work,” he said.
Within the relaxed notion of growth, individual characters have incrementally developed this city in light of no planning, Mayne continued. He added, however, that he would prefer less freedom and more connectivity. An accretion of good work over time is what connects a city within itself, as can be seen in any number of Old World cities, he said.
It is easier to work in Europe, Webb agreed, because you’re not struggling to find the connectivity to the urban fabric. It makes U.S. architects work harder to find an area’s roots and fit within that. Nonetheless, cities are built one building at a time, he said. The collective quality of a city is contingent on the quality of individual buildings over time.
It’s about time, it’s about space
After WWII, growth was so fast that LA took a turn toward looking like a city, Mayne said. It’s not charming, but it is still actually a harsh and weird village. The city by now may have outlived the iconic phase and maybe it is time to bring the idiosyncratic collection of pieces together into a more mature city.
It is time for all Americans to bring their multi-centric cities together to create lasting consolidations with consistent growth patterns, Moneo added. The time for the highway to be the central infrastructure is over. Americans seem to enjoy their personal amenities more than the more public sense of working together for a common goal, he opined.
And, in a way, LA is the typical American city, Mayne continued. People here are suspicious of the collective actions of city governments. Moreover, what we are talking about in this city is not a cultural enterprise but an economic enterprise. And you don’t have so much a lack of interest in public space. In LA you have a lack of interest in the public. People live within their private spaces, Mayne said. It’s an amazingly opaque city—you have to find a key to get in.
Even in this city there is a longing for iconic buildings to give a sense of place, Webb interjected. People want symbolic architecture that is going to give focus on the city as home. Among those are places for our maturing arts, such as our philharmonic.
Plus, there has to be a focus on delivery of amenities to many people, Mayne added. For that to work, there has to be convenient mass conveyance.
Learning from LA for a new urban agenda
To take an active role as part of the solution for a new urban agenda, architects have to become activist, Mayne stressed. Forget political left and right—that’s irrelevant. “Are we going to be where we want to be 20 years from now? It has to start happening now, and it has to start happening with you guys,” he said.
“The public arena is our territory,” said Moneo. He said, for example, that the greatest contribution American architects have brought to housing is to move away from a dependence on manufactured housing and turning instead to existing buildings. Europeans are learning from that, he said.
“I’m optimistic that our new mayor will take on the really difficult issues,” Webb said. In turn, it is architects’ responsibility to contribute ideas to the political realm and make the best buildings to fit the ideal.
LA is and will remain a place of innovation, Mayne concluded. “We understand the poetry and art of our work within the political context. We’ll do the best we can to advance the culture.”
Architecture on the Edge: InnovationLA Matures by Blending Icons with Far-flung Communities
http://www.aia.org/aiarchitect/thisweek ... _panel.cfm
Turning away from a legacy of car-centric sprawl, Los Angeles is at the cusp of becoming a mature, connected city, agreed theme panelists on day one of the AIA 2006 National Convention in that city.
Keeping with the “Innovation,” as the theme of the first day of the convention, June 8, “We’ve brought together three trend setters who work at the edge, declared AIA President Kate Schwennsen, FAIA. “Their thinking about this city is matched by their extraordinary contributions as catalysts of change.”
The three panelists were:
Craig Webb, AIA, a practicing architect for almost 30 years, the last 17 of which as a principal designer at Gehry Partners. He has worked on the Walt Disney Concert Hall and Grand Avenue housing in Los Angeles; Beekman Street Housing, New York City; King Alfred, a mixed-use project in Brighton, England; the Fisher Performing Arts Center at Bard College, Annandale, N.Y.; and the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, Millennium Park, Chicago.
1995 Pritzker Prize Laureate Jose Rafael Moneo, Hon. AIA, one of the leading lights in the current renaissance of Spanish architects and architecture. His projects include: Davis Museum and Cultural Center at Wellesley College, the widely acclaimed addition to Mies van der Rohe’s Fine Arts Museum, Houston; Stockholm’s Museum of Modern Art; and Our Lady of the Angels Cathedral, Los Angeles.
2005 Pritzker Prize Laureate and cofounder of Morphosis, Thom Mayne, FAIA, whose long list of distinguished works includes Los Angeles’ Caltrans District 7 Headquarters and the Science Education Resource Center/Science Center School; Diamond Ranch High School, Pomona, Calif.; Cahill Center for Astrophysics at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.; a GSA federal office building, San Francisco; Wayne L. Morse United States Courthouse, Eugene, Ore.; and the NOAA Satellite Operation Control Facility in Suitland, Md.
Can a nucleus of great architecture transform a city?
Webb began the discussion by explaining that the vitality of Los Angeles is based on the strip. How the iconic buildings reestablish connections will be key to their success in undoing years of sprawl, he said. The Disney Concert Hall, for instance, is on the site of a number of office buildings from the 1980s, which, in turn, had filled in the site of a former Victorian neighborhood that was ripped out in the 1950s. Housing had been missing for a long time. Reestablishing the streetscape and ground plain are the challenge architects face, which goes beyond creation of iconic buildings. But having such buildings creates great opportunities for architects in general, he said.
Great buildings create an aura that attracts other buildings and amenities to them, Moneo agreed. “I think this is what happened with Disney. Our Lady of the Angels Cathedral discovers another way of dealing with the scale of LA.” In an effort to establish an entire compound within the fabric of a living pieces of the city, Moneo said, the cathedral acts as a mediator between the scale of huge buildings and the modest scale of housing. The cathedral allows people to own a piece of the city, he said. To think LA can crystallize through iconic buildings is simplistic, though. Strong architectural statement also needs a total building infrastructure of quality and cross-cultural, collective improvement.
It is a pat answer to say that iconic buildings will solve this city’s problems, Mayne said, but that is wrong. For LA to become a mature city, it will have to contend with all of the complex issues of infrastructure. LA today is not a city; it is a country of 17 million people. With 134 townships, it is a single collection of many centers. The city is typical of those that developed during the second half of the 20th century; a microcosm of the world, Mayne said.
Smaller buildings must hold their own, too
Part of the problem with the iconographic condition of Los Angeles, as well, is the fragility of the elements as they come together, Moneo continued. The humble buildings don’t have the ability to last. Housing has to be able to stand its place against iconic giants needs to be well-built. Some strong problems will come from weak housing, he said.
“I think our work and Moneo’s has sprung from the spontaneity of the smaller buildings,” Webb said. “There is a freedom to explore new ideas here.” He attributed that freedom to a lack of planning, however, which resulted in the strip. “I’m optimistic that this city can solve its transportation problems through planning—incrementally. Overnight mass transit construction won’t work,” he said.
Within the relaxed notion of growth, individual characters have incrementally developed this city in light of no planning, Mayne continued. He added, however, that he would prefer less freedom and more connectivity. An accretion of good work over time is what connects a city within itself, as can be seen in any number of Old World cities, he said.
It is easier to work in Europe, Webb agreed, because you’re not struggling to find the connectivity to the urban fabric. It makes U.S. architects work harder to find an area’s roots and fit within that. Nonetheless, cities are built one building at a time, he said. The collective quality of a city is contingent on the quality of individual buildings over time.
It’s about time, it’s about space
After WWII, growth was so fast that LA took a turn toward looking like a city, Mayne said. It’s not charming, but it is still actually a harsh and weird village. The city by now may have outlived the iconic phase and maybe it is time to bring the idiosyncratic collection of pieces together into a more mature city.
It is time for all Americans to bring their multi-centric cities together to create lasting consolidations with consistent growth patterns, Moneo added. The time for the highway to be the central infrastructure is over. Americans seem to enjoy their personal amenities more than the more public sense of working together for a common goal, he opined.
And, in a way, LA is the typical American city, Mayne continued. People here are suspicious of the collective actions of city governments. Moreover, what we are talking about in this city is not a cultural enterprise but an economic enterprise. And you don’t have so much a lack of interest in public space. In LA you have a lack of interest in the public. People live within their private spaces, Mayne said. It’s an amazingly opaque city—you have to find a key to get in.
Even in this city there is a longing for iconic buildings to give a sense of place, Webb interjected. People want symbolic architecture that is going to give focus on the city as home. Among those are places for our maturing arts, such as our philharmonic.
Plus, there has to be a focus on delivery of amenities to many people, Mayne added. For that to work, there has to be convenient mass conveyance.
Learning from LA for a new urban agenda
To take an active role as part of the solution for a new urban agenda, architects have to become activist, Mayne stressed. Forget political left and right—that’s irrelevant. “Are we going to be where we want to be 20 years from now? It has to start happening now, and it has to start happening with you guys,” he said.
“The public arena is our territory,” said Moneo. He said, for example, that the greatest contribution American architects have brought to housing is to move away from a dependence on manufactured housing and turning instead to existing buildings. Europeans are learning from that, he said.
“I’m optimistic that our new mayor will take on the really difficult issues,” Webb said. In turn, it is architects’ responsibility to contribute ideas to the political realm and make the best buildings to fit the ideal.
LA is and will remain a place of innovation, Mayne concluded. “We understand the poetry and art of our work within the political context. We’ll do the best we can to advance the culture.”
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kschen
Re: 你我建改不缺席－賀建改社誕生
還好啦，chiyi 寫:可謂建築人重要的舞台被拆，負面效應陸續發生。
上個星期，又有一位建築人（建築師）加入內閣擔任政務官：
行政院公共工程委員會 副主任委員 陳森藤 （陳柏森）
http://www.pcc.gov.tw/content/introduce ... irman2.htm
公共工程委員會成立以來，高層官員大部份是土木背景（蔡兆陽、歐晉德、李建中、江耀宗、郭清江、吳澤成........），少部份是都市計劃背景（郭瑤琪），記憶所及這是第一次有建築背景者。
陳建築師過去參與多項重要的地標性公共建築設計，也得到多項設計獎，他加入公共工程委員會，對建築師來說是很好、很正面的消息。